A mechanism informed neural network for predicting machining deformation of annular parts

Controlling machining deformation of annular parts is crucial for ensuring the performance of high value products and equipment. For example, during manufacturing of critical parts in aircrafts and spacecrafts, accurate prediction of machining deformation is the basis for guiding the formulation of deformation control strategies. However, due to the complexity of the machining deformation of annular parts, existing methods still have limitations in accurate prediction. To this end, this paper proposes a mechanism informed neural network (MINN) to predict machining deformation of annular parts. MINN is realized by establishing the dual sub-networks structure and using enhanced loss functions with the consideration of the deformation mechanism model characteristics of annular parts. The deformation was decomposed into the axisymmetric portion and the non-axisymmetric portion according to the deformation superposition principle, and modeled separately based on the thin-shell theory and Fourier series. Experiment results showed that the proposed method could predict the machining deformation of annular parts more accurately and stably with a small amount of training data, compared with previous methods.     

Processing of high-performance Co doped Y2O3 as a single-phase electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC)

The high-performance single-phase semiconductor materials with higher ionic conductivity have drawn substantial attention in fuel cell applications. Semiconductor materials play a key role to enhance ionic conductivity subsequently promoting low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) research. Herein, we proposed a semiconductor Co doped Y₂O₃ (YCO) samples with different molar ratios, which may easily access the high ionic conductivity and electrochemical performances at low operating temperatures. The resulting fabricated fuel cell 10% Co doped Y₂O₃ (YCO-10) device exhibits high ionic conductivity of ∼0.16 S cm⁻¹ and a feasible peak power density of 856 mW cm⁻² along with 1.09 OCV at 530 °C under H₂/air conditions. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that YCO-10 electrolyte based SOFC device delivers the least ohmic resistance of 0.11–0.16 Ω cm² at 530-450 °C. Electrode polarization resistance of the constructed fuel cell device noticed from 0.59 Ω cm² to 0.28 Ω cm² in H₂/air environment at different elevated temperatures (450 °C to 530 °C). This work suggests that YCO-10 can be a promising alternative electrolyte, owing to its high fuel cell performance and enhanced ionic conductivity for LT-SOFC.     

Wetting and interfacial reactions in liquid Au-Ti alloys / ZrO2 system

This study investigates wetting of zirconia by Au-Ti alloys containing 0.6–4 wt% Ti in view of brazing zirconia to titanium with pure gold for biomedical applications. Experiments were carried out using sessile and dispensed drop methods under high vacuum at 1040–1250 °C. Bulk drops and Au-Ti / ZrO₂ interfaces were characterized by SEM and FEG-SEM with EDXS analysis. While Au does not wet zirconia, the contact angle θ being ∼ 120°, the addition of Ti in Au leads to a significant improvement of wetting due to the formation of a wettable oxide layer at Au-Ti / ZrO₂ interface. The nature of this oxide was determined by X-ray diffraction of the reaction layer after the detachment of the droplet from the substrate or after the dissolution of the droplet. The mechanism of formation and growth of the oxide layer and its growth kinetics were determined based on fine analysis of the Au-Ti / oxide layer / ZrO₂ interfacial system.     

Fabrication of in-situ Ti-Cx-N1−x phase enhanced porous Si3N4 absorbing composites by gel casting

In view of the lack of a conformal, load-bearing, lightweight, and high-temperature resistant integrated microwave-absorbing composites for applications under extremely complex conditions, this study successfully applies gel casting craft to porous Si₃N₄ microwave-absorbing composites. The high-temperature decomposition reaction of Ti₃SiC₂ powder was utilized to generate uniform Ti-C_x-N_1−x grains in situ and to enhance the mechanical and microwave-absorption properties of porous Ti-C_x-N_1−x/Si₃N₄ composites. The bending strength, fracture toughness, density, maximum reflection loss value, absorption bandwidth and matched thickness in P-band of the composite with 30 wt% Ti₃SiC₂ addition were 164.87 ± 7.56 MPa, 2.61 ± 0.13 MPa·m^1/2, 2.077 g/cm³, 32.42 dB, 1.74 GHz and 4.2 mm, respectively. The fracture toughness and bending strength of the composite were increased by 71.71% and 58.13%, respectively, compared with monolithic porous Si₃N₄. The electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms of the composites are proposed as a combination of conductivity loss, multiple reflections and scattering, interfacial polarization and defect polarization.     

加载条件对纳米石墨烯片水泥基复合材料压敏性能的影响

研究不同纳米石墨烯片(GNPs)掺量下加载幅值(15 MPa、20 MPa、25 MPa)和加载速率(100 N/s、300 N/s、500 N/s)对纳米石墨烯片水泥基复合材料(GNPs/CC)压敏性能的影响。试验结果表明:在GNPs掺量低于0.25%(质量分数,下同)时,GNPs/CC的压敏性能与空白组相近;在掺量达到0.3%时,GNPs/CC的电阻变化率最大,且重复性最好。在GNPs掺量为0.3%的情况下,GNPs/CC的电阻变化率与应变随加载幅值的增加而增大,在加载幅值不大于20 MPa时,GNPs/CC的电阻变化率与应变的增加幅度相近,材料的灵敏因子变化较小;在加载幅值达到25 MPa时,由于电阻变化率的增加幅度大于应变的增加幅度,材料的灵敏因子出现了较明显的增加。而加载速率在纳米石墨烯片掺量为0.3%时,对材料的压敏性能无明显影响。     

Study on life and path of fatigue cracks in multiple site damage plates

This paper presents experimental and numerical study of the fatigue crack growth of hollowed pre-notched plates with multiple site damages (MSD). The numerical analyses were performed using finite element method. Experiments were carried out to validate the numerical results. Fatigue tests of aluminum sheets with MSD cracks were conducted to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as the thickness, hole diameter and central distance of the holes. The results show that the distance of the holes has greatest and size of the hole has little effects on the fatigue lives. Nucleation of cracks strongly depends on the thickness, distance and hole size.     

Fish recognition in complex underwater scenes based on targeted sample transfer learning

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Fish population survey based on classification and recognition is an effective means to study water ecosystem. However, the identification of fish in the sea and...     

Drop-weight impact of plain-woven hybrid glass–graphite/toughened epoxy composites

The progressive damage behaviors of hybrid woven composite panels (101.6 mm × 101.6 mm) impacted by drop-weights at four different velocities were studied by a combined experimental and 3-D dynamic nonlinear finite element approach. The specimens tested were made of plain-weave hybrid S2 glass-IM7 graphite fibers/toughened epoxy (cured at 177 °C). The composite panels were damaged using a pressure-assisted Instron-Dynatup 8520 instrumented drop-weight impact tester. During these low-velocity simpact tests, the time-histories of impact-induced dynamic strains and impact forces were recorded. The damaged specimens were inspected visually and using ultrasonic C-Scan methods. The commercially available 3-D dynamic nonlinear finite element (FE) software, LS-DYNA, incorporated with a proposed user-defined damage-induced nonlinear orthotropic model, was then used to simulate the experimental results of drop-weight tests. Good agreement between experimental and FE results has been achieved when comparing dynamic force, strain histories and damage patterns from experimental measurements and FE simulations.     

Effects of synthetic gas constituents on combustion and emission behavior of premixed H2/CO/CO2/CNG mixture flames

In this study, effects of synthetic gas constituents on combustion and emission behavior of premixed H₂/CO/CO₂/CNG blending synthetic gas flames were experimentally investigated in a swirl stabilized laboratory scale combustor. Effects of these constituents on flashback and blowout equivalence ratios of respective mixtures were also determined. Firstly, mixtures of CNG/H₂/CO with varying H₂/CO ratios were tested and then each mixture was diluted with the same amount of CO₂ (20% by volume) to better represent synthetic gas. H₂/CO ratios of tested gas mixtures were so adjusted that heating value of each gas mixture was low, moderate or high. Combustion behavior of such mixtures was evaluated with respect to measured axial and radial temperature values. Moreover, emission behavior was analyzed by means of emitted CO, CO₂ and NO_x levels. Flame temperature measurements were conducted with B and K type thermocouples. Emission measurements were performed with a flue gas analyzer, which was equipped with a ceramic coated probe, as well. Results of this study revealed the great impact of gas composition on combustion and emission behavior of studied flames. Two main findings are: H₂/CO ratio slightly alters temperature distribution throughout combustor, while hydrogen reaction kinetics play the most significant role in synthetic gas combustion (1), CO₂ addition tremendously increases emissions of CO (2).     

Integrated control and mechanism design for the variable input-speed servo four-bar linkages

This paper presents an integrated design approach for variable input-speed servo four-bar linkages. In order to satisfy the kinematic requirements, to reduce the shaking force and moment, to improve the speed trajectory tracking performance and to minimize the motor power dissipation, the dimensions of the links, the counterweights, the input-speed trajectory and the controller parameters are considered as the design variables simultaneously. The proposed integrated design approach is introduced and formulated with the optimization design problem. Examples are given to compare the results of the proposed design approach with the other two approaches and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed integrated design approach.